工程标书翻译

实际进度和计划进度的对比comparisons of actual and planned progress

施工进度construction progress

工作量quantity of work

目前进度 the progress to date

预期使用年限expected life of the building

现金流量分析a cash flow analysis

现场项目管理组织on-site project management organization

总时差total float

自由时差free float

关键线路critical path

超时工作working overtime

施工管理construction management

少量收尾工作minor outstanding work

工作日workday

开工日期commencement date

工资税Payroll taxes

加班费，加班津贴 overtime allowances

员工staff and labour

员工的聘用 engagement of staff and labour

工资标准和劳动条件rates of wages and conditions of labour

施工造价预算Construction cost estimates

安全和健康标准safety and health standards

纠正措施，改进措施corrective measures

预防措施preventive measures

事故报告accident report

事故预防员 an accident prevention officer

急救设施first aid facilities

安全第一，预防为主safety first, precaution crucial

安全专项整治 carry out special programs to address safety problems

保障某人不承担……义务和责任indemnify sb. Against and from sth.

指定的分包商应保障承包商不承担指定的分包商及其代理人和雇员疏忽或误用货物的责任；

The nominated subcontractor shall indemnify the contractor against and from any negligence or misuse of goods by the nominated subcontractor, his agents and employees.

分包合同没有明确规定，对分包的工作（包括设计，如果有），指定的分包商应：

（i） 为承包商承担此项义务和责任，能使承包商履行其根据合同规定的义务和责任，和

（ii）保障承包商免除对合同规定或与其有关的、由于分包商任何不能完成这些义务或履行这些责任的影响产生的所有义务和责任。

The subcontract does not specify that, for the subcontracted work (including design, if any), the nominated subcontractor shall:

（i） undertake to the contractor such obligations and liabilities as will enable the contractor to discharge his obligations and liabilities under the Contract; and

（ii） indemnify the contractor against and from all obligations and liabilities arising under or in connection with the contract and from the consequences of any failure by the subcontractor to perform these obligations or to fulfill these liabilities.

承包商应按照雇主要求中规定的范围，对雇主人员进行工程操作和维修培训。

The contractor shall carry out the training of Employer's Personnel in the operation and maintenance of the Works to the extent specified in the Employer's Requirements.

承包商人员都应是在他们各自工种或职业内，具有相应资质、技能和经验的人员。雇主可要求承包商撤换（或促使撤换）受雇于现场或工程的、有下列行为的任何人员，适当时也包括承包商代表：

The contractor’s personnel shall be appropriately qualified, skilled and experienced in their respective trades or occupations. The employer may require the contractor to remove (or cause to be removed) any person employed on the site or works, including the contractor’s representatives if applicable, who:

（a）经常行为不当，或工作漫不经心；

Persists in any misconduct or lack of care,

（b）无能力履行义务或玩忽职守；

Carries out duties imcompetently or negligently;

（c）不遵守合同的任何规定；或

Fails to conform with any provisions of the contract; or

（d）坚持有损安全、健康，或有损环境保护的行为。

Persists in any conduct which is prejudicial to safety, health, or the protection of the environment.

如果适宜，承包商随后应指派（或促使指派）合适的替代人员。

If appropriate, the contractor shall then appoint (or cause to be appointed) a suitable replacement person.

除规范要求中另有说明外，承包商应安排从当地或其他地方雇用所有的员工，并负责他们的报酬、住宿、膳食和交通。

Except as otherwise stated in the Specification, the Contractor shall make arrangements for the engagement of all staff and labour, local or otherwise, and for their payment, housing, feeding and transport.

承包商所付工资标准及遵守的劳动条件，应不低于从事工作的地区该工种或行业制订的标准和条件。如果没有现场的标准和条件可以引用，承包商所付的工资标准及遵守的劳动条件，应不低于当地与承包商类似的工种或行业雇主所付的一般工资标准及遵守的劳动条件。

The contractor shall pay rates of wages, and observe conditions of laboure, which are not lower than those established for the trade or industry where the work is carried out. If no established rates or conditions are applicable, the Contractor shall pay rates of wages and observe conditions which are not lower than the general level of wages and conditions observed locally by employers whose trade or industry is similar to that of the Contractor.

The rate of personal injury and death resulting from construction work is too high.

Planned production rate=quantity of work/estimated duration

Production rate=work done/unit of time

Labor cost=wages paid directly to on-site personnel

The local labor market and conditions should be investigated to determine the available supply of all classes of labor and its competence.



Secure project operating capital

At the site, the construction management functions are setting the standards for quality and safety, planning the sequence of construction, controlling progress and expenditures, communicating effectively with the owner and architect/engineer, coordinating the work of the subcontractors, managing submittals, managing change orders, submitting periodic pay estimates, and closing out the project.

Periodic pay estimates

Payments to the contractor during the work, normally monthly, and based on the progress to date.

Consider the results of not having a master plan

Support a decision of where to locate the new facility

Set the design objectives for the designer

The expected life of the building

Environmental requirements

Project planning (separate from master planning) is also a function that is primarily the responsibility of the project owner, although most owners will contract with a designer to do the actual planning documents.

The owner has several responsibilities that must be accomplished during the planning phase:

Select the designer;

Define the project goals;

Ensure the availability of sufficient funds to complete the project.

Obtain project size zoning changes if necessary.

Select and purchase the project site.

Perform environmental impact studies and obtain all permits.

All A/Es will design the project in accordance with the local building codes.

A cash flow analysis should be completed to determine how much cash is needed and on what schedule.

The project manager (PM) is in overall charge of the project, responsible for the rate of progress, financial control, safety, and ultimate profitability of the job.

The number of available resources is often less than the needed resources for a given day, and activities must be delayed (into float whenever possible) to spread resource use across the time frame of the project.

Day-to-day detailed management of the construction process

It is important that the contractor and the owner’s representatives maintain an open and honest working relationship.

Contracts are broken down into activities for purposes of scheduling, estimating, progress control, and cost control.

Items on the critical path are critical-time activities and have the potential to delay the project on a day-for-day basis.

An S-curve, such as is shown in Fig. 1.5, can be used to predict project cash flow requirements. It is a picture of how the project budget will be spent if the work is constructed exactly as estimated and scheduled.

Cost to date